2024
González-Toledo, Daniel; Cuevas-Rodríguez, María; Vicente, Thibault; Picinali, Lorenzo; Molina-Tanco, Luis; Reyes-Lecuona, Arcadio
Spatial release from masking in the median plane with non-native speakers using individual and mannequin head related transfer functions Journal Article
In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 155, no. 1, pp. 284-293, 2024, ISSN: 0001-4966.
@article{10.1121/10.0024239,
title = {Spatial release from masking in the median plane with non-native speakers using individual and mannequin head related transfer functions},
author = {Daniel González-Toledo and María Cuevas-Rodríguez and Thibault Vicente and Lorenzo Picinali and Luis Molina-Tanco and Arcadio Reyes-Lecuona},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0024239},
doi = {10.1121/10.0024239},
issn = {0001-4966},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
volume = {155},
number = {1},
pages = {284-293},
abstract = {Spatial release from masking (SRM) in speech-on-speech tasks has been widely studied in the horizontal plane, where interaural cues play a fundamental role. Several studies have also observed SRM for sources located in the median plane, where (monaural) spectral cues are more important. However, a relatively unexplored research question concerns the impact of head-related transfer function (HRTF) personalisation on SRM, for example, whether using individually-measured HRTFs results in better performance if compared with the use of mannequin HRTFs. This study compares SRM in the median plane in a speech-on-speech virtual task rendered using both individual and mannequin HRTFs. SRM is obtained using English sentences with non-native English speakers. Our participants show lower SRM performances compared to those found by others using native English participants. Furthermore, SRM is significantly larger when the source is spatialised using the individual HRTF, and this effect is more marked for those with lower English proficiency. Further analyses using a spectral distortion metric and the estimation of the better-ear effect, show that the observed SRM can only partially be explained by HRTF-specific factors and that the effect of the familiarity with individual spatial cues is likely to be the most significant element driving these results.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Spatial release from masking (SRM) in speech-on-speech tasks has been widely studied in the horizontal plane, where interaural cues play a fundamental role. Several studies have also observed SRM for sources located in the median plane, where (monaural) spectral cues are more important. However, a relatively unexplored research question concerns the impact of head-related transfer function (HRTF) personalisation on SRM, for example, whether using individually-measured HRTFs results in better performance if compared with the use of mannequin HRTFs. This study compares SRM in the median plane in a speech-on-speech virtual task rendered using both individual and mannequin HRTFs. SRM is obtained using English sentences with non-native English speakers. Our participants show lower SRM performances compared to those found by others using native English participants. Furthermore, SRM is significantly larger when the source is spatialised using the individual HRTF, and this effect is more marked for those with lower English proficiency. Further analyses using a spectral distortion metric and the estimation of the better-ear effect, show that the observed SRM can only partially be explained by HRTF-specific factors and that the effect of the familiarity with individual spatial cues is likely to be the most significant element driving these results.
2023
Toledo, Daniel González; Cuevas-Rodríguez, María; Molina-Tanco, Luis; Reyes-Lecuona, Arcadio
Still room for improvement in traditional 3D interaction: selecting the fixed axis in the virtual trackball Journal Article
In: The Visual Computer, vol. 39, pp. 1149–1162, 2023.
@article{Sti/2023,
title = {Still room for improvement in traditional 3D interaction: selecting the fixed axis in the virtual trackball},
author = {Daniel González Toledo and María Cuevas-Rodríguez and Luis Molina-Tanco and Arcadio Reyes-Lecuona},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00371-021-02394-x},
doi = {10.1007/s00371-021-02394-x},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-03-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {The Visual Computer},
volume = {39},
pages = {1149–1162},
abstract = {Virtual trackball techniques are widely used when 3D interaction is performed through interfaces with a reduced number of degrees of freedom such as mice and touchscreens. For decades, most implementations fix a vertical axis of rotation, which is a suitable choice when the vertical axis should indeed be fixed, according to some mental model of the user. We conducted an experiment involving the use of a mouse and a touch device to study usability in terms of performance, perceived usability and mental workload when selecting different fixed axes in accordance with the user’s mental model. The results we obtained indicate that the consistency between the axis fixed by the technique and the object’s intrinsic axis has a positive effect on usability. We believe that implementations that allow to select different fixed axis for each specific object should be considered when designing future reduced-DoF interaction interfaces.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Virtual trackball techniques are widely used when 3D interaction is performed through interfaces with a reduced number of degrees of freedom such as mice and touchscreens. For decades, most implementations fix a vertical axis of rotation, which is a suitable choice when the vertical axis should indeed be fixed, according to some mental model of the user. We conducted an experiment involving the use of a mouse and a touch device to study usability in terms of performance, perceived usability and mental workload when selecting different fixed axes in accordance with the user’s mental model. The results we obtained indicate that the consistency between the axis fixed by the technique and the object’s intrinsic axis has a positive effect on usability. We believe that implementations that allow to select different fixed axis for each specific object should be considered when designing future reduced-DoF interaction interfaces.
Lamsal, Ritu Raj; Karthikeyan, P.; Otero, Pablo; Ariza, Alfonso
Design and Implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) Platform Targeted for Smallholder Farmers: From Nepal Perspective Journal Article
In: Agriculture, vol. 13, no. 10, 2023, ISSN: 2077-0472.
@article{agriculture13101900,
title = {Design and Implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) Platform Targeted for Smallholder Farmers: From Nepal Perspective},
author = {Ritu Raj Lamsal and P. Karthikeyan and Pablo Otero and Alfonso Ariza},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/10/1900},
doi = {10.3390/agriculture13101900},
issn = {2077-0472},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Agriculture},
volume = {13},
number = {10},
abstract = {Nepal, a lower-middle-income country in South Asia, predominantly features smallholder farming communities operating on modest land holdings. These smallholders often adhere to traditional farming methods, relying on familial labor, which has become increasingly inefficient in contemporary agricultural landscapes. To enhance their productivity and efficiency, smallholder farmers require affordable and accessible Internet of Things (IoT)-based systems. However, the prevailing IoT solutions in the market primarily cater to large-scale commercial enterprises, rendering them unsuitable for the specific needs and constraints faced by smallholder farmers. In response to this gap, we have introduced a cost-effective, customizable, scalable, and dependable IoT platform tailored expressly for smallholder farmers. This platform empowers them to visualize, monitor, and control real-time data pertaining to their crops, livestock, and other agricultural assets. To ascertain the efficacy and suitability of our proposed platform, we conducted a comparative analysis with existing counterparts such as Blynk IoT and ThingSpeak IoT, evaluating their respective features and application services against standard requirements. Additionally, we subjected our platform to rigorous server load testing, assessing crucial performance parameters including throughput, response time, user capacity, and data sampling rates. Over an observation period spanning an average of 339 days, our platform successfully processed and stored a substantial volume of data, encompassing 817,633 sensor messages, averaging 2412 messages per day, with a cumulative storage size of 14,238.28 KB. Extrapolating from these results, it is noteworthy that an A0 instance with 20 GB of cloud space can adequately accommodate 200 users at a rate of 100 MB per user, which is adequate for the smallholder needs. Furthermore, the purposed platform was deployed inside a polyhouse to perform off-season grafting of citrus plants. The achieved success rate of 84% closely approached the success rate of 90-95% observed during on-season grafting. These empirical findings, coupled with the extensive data gathered during our research, underscore the reliability and performance of our proposed IoT platform for smallholder farmers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nepal, a lower-middle-income country in South Asia, predominantly features smallholder farming communities operating on modest land holdings. These smallholders often adhere to traditional farming methods, relying on familial labor, which has become increasingly inefficient in contemporary agricultural landscapes. To enhance their productivity and efficiency, smallholder farmers require affordable and accessible Internet of Things (IoT)-based systems. However, the prevailing IoT solutions in the market primarily cater to large-scale commercial enterprises, rendering them unsuitable for the specific needs and constraints faced by smallholder farmers. In response to this gap, we have introduced a cost-effective, customizable, scalable, and dependable IoT platform tailored expressly for smallholder farmers. This platform empowers them to visualize, monitor, and control real-time data pertaining to their crops, livestock, and other agricultural assets. To ascertain the efficacy and suitability of our proposed platform, we conducted a comparative analysis with existing counterparts such as Blynk IoT and ThingSpeak IoT, evaluating their respective features and application services against standard requirements. Additionally, we subjected our platform to rigorous server load testing, assessing crucial performance parameters including throughput, response time, user capacity, and data sampling rates. Over an observation period spanning an average of 339 days, our platform successfully processed and stored a substantial volume of data, encompassing 817,633 sensor messages, averaging 2412 messages per day, with a cumulative storage size of 14,238.28 KB. Extrapolating from these results, it is noteworthy that an A0 instance with 20 GB of cloud space can adequately accommodate 200 users at a rate of 100 MB per user, which is adequate for the smallholder needs. Furthermore, the purposed platform was deployed inside a polyhouse to perform off-season grafting of citrus plants. The achieved success rate of 84% closely approached the success rate of 90–95% observed during on-season grafting. These empirical findings, coupled with the extensive data gathered during our research, underscore the reliability and performance of our proposed IoT platform for smallholder farmers.
Sharifian, Zakieh; Barekatain, Behrang; Quintana, Alfonso Ariza; Beheshti, Zahra; Safi-Esfahani, Faramarz
In: Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 228, pp. 120404, 2023, ISSN: 0957-4174.
@article{SHARIFIAN2023120404,
title = {Sin-Cos-bIAVOA: A new feature selection method based on improved African vulture optimization algorithm and a novel transfer function to DDoS attack detection},
author = {Zakieh Sharifian and Behrang Barekatain and Alfonso Ariza Quintana and Zahra Beheshti and Faramarz Safi-Esfahani},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417423009065},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120404},
issn = {0957-4174},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Expert Systems with Applications},
volume = {228},
pages = {120404},
abstract = {Internet of Things (IoT) services and devices have raised numerous challenges such as connectivity, computation, and security. Therefore, networks should provide and maintain quality services. Nowadays, Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack is the most important network attacks according to recent studies. Among the variety of DDoS detection methods, Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have attracted researchers. In ML, the selection of optimal subset of features can have a significant role to enhance the classification rate. This problem called the feature selection problem is in the class of NP-hard problems and exact algorithms cannot obtain the best results in acceptable time. Therefore, approximate algorithms like meta-heuristic algorithms are employed to solve the problem. Since these algorithms do not search all solution space, they fall in local optima and provide a premature convergence rate. Several methods have been introduced so far to address these challenges but researchers try to find new strategies for enhancing the performance of methods. In this study, a binary Improved African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (Sin-Cos-bIAVOA) is proposed to select effective features of DDoS attacks. The method applies a novel compound transfer function (Sin-Cos) to increase exploration. To select the optimal subset of features, Gravitational Fixed Radius Nearest Neighbor (GFRNN) is employed as the classifier in the method. Moreover, AVOA is improved in three phases including exploration, balancing exploration and exploitation, and exploitation phases. Hence, Sin-Cos-bIAVOA explores promising areas to achieve the best solution and avoid the local optima traps. The proposed method’s performance is compared with some recent state-of-the-art in two datasets, CIC-DDOS2019 and NSL-KDD for the DDoS attack detection. The experiment results show that the proposed method achieves the minimum feature selection rate (0.0184) with the high average accuracy (99.9979%), precision (99.9979%), recall (100.00%), and F-measure (99.9989%) compared with competitors in the first scenario with 1% attack rate in CIC-DDOS2019 dataset. In addition, the results of Friedman test based on fitness functions indicate that Sin-Cos-bIAVOA has the first rank among comparative algorithms. The source code of Sin-Cos-bIAVOA is publicly available at https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/129409-sin-cos-biavoa-a-new-feature-selection-method.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Internet of Things (IoT) services and devices have raised numerous challenges such as connectivity, computation, and security. Therefore, networks should provide and maintain quality services. Nowadays, Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack is the most important network attacks according to recent studies. Among the variety of DDoS detection methods, Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have attracted researchers. In ML, the selection of optimal subset of features can have a significant role to enhance the classification rate. This problem called the feature selection problem is in the class of NP-hard problems and exact algorithms cannot obtain the best results in acceptable time. Therefore, approximate algorithms like meta-heuristic algorithms are employed to solve the problem. Since these algorithms do not search all solution space, they fall in local optima and provide a premature convergence rate. Several methods have been introduced so far to address these challenges but researchers try to find new strategies for enhancing the performance of methods. In this study, a binary Improved African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (Sin-Cos-bIAVOA) is proposed to select effective features of DDoS attacks. The method applies a novel compound transfer function (Sin-Cos) to increase exploration. To select the optimal subset of features, Gravitational Fixed Radius Nearest Neighbor (GFRNN) is employed as the classifier in the method. Moreover, AVOA is improved in three phases including exploration, balancing exploration and exploitation, and exploitation phases. Hence, Sin-Cos-bIAVOA explores promising areas to achieve the best solution and avoid the local optima traps. The proposed method’s performance is compared with some recent state-of-the-art in two datasets, CIC-DDOS2019 and NSL-KDD for the DDoS attack detection. The experiment results show that the proposed method achieves the minimum feature selection rate (0.0184) with the high average accuracy (99.9979%), precision (99.9979%), recall (100.00%), and F-measure (99.9989%) compared with competitors in the first scenario with 1% attack rate in CIC-DDOS2019 dataset. In addition, the results of Friedman test based on fitness functions indicate that Sin-Cos-bIAVOA has the first rank among comparative algorithms. The source code of Sin-Cos-bIAVOA is publicly available at https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/129409-sin-cos-biavoa-a-new-feature-selection-method.
Otero, Pablo; Hernández-Romero, Álvaro; Luque-Nieto, Miguel-Ángel; Ariza, Alfonso
Underwater Positioning System Based on Drifting Buoys and Acoustic Modems Journal Article
In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 11, no. 4, 2023, ISSN: 2077-1312.
@article{jmse11040682,
title = {Underwater Positioning System Based on Drifting Buoys and Acoustic Modems},
author = {Pablo Otero and Álvaro Hernández-Romero and Miguel-Ángel Luque-Nieto and Alfonso Ariza},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/4/682},
doi = {10.3390/jmse11040682},
issn = {2077-1312},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Marine Science and Engineering},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
abstract = {GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning is not available underwater due to the very short range of electromagnetic waves in the sea water medium. In this article a LBL (Long Base Line) acoustic repeater system of the GNSS positioning is presented. The system is hyperbolic, i.e., based on time differences and it does not need very accurate atomic clocks to synchronize repeaters. The system architecture and system calculations that demonstrate the feasibility of the solution are presented. The system uses four buoys that sequentially transmit their position and the time of the instant of transmission, for which they are equipped with GNSS receivers and acoustic modems. The buoys can be fixed or even drifting, but they are inexpensive devices, which pose no hazard to navigation and can be easily and quickly deployed for a specific underwater mission. The multilateration algorithm used in the receiver is presented. To simplify the algorithm, the depth of the receiver, measured by a depth sensor, is used. Results are presented for the position error of an underwater vehicle due to its displacement during the transmission frame of the four buoys.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning is not available underwater due to the very short range of electromagnetic waves in the sea water medium. In this article a LBL (Long Base Line) acoustic repeater system of the GNSS positioning is presented. The system is hyperbolic, i.e., based on time differences and it does not need very accurate atomic clocks to synchronize repeaters. The system architecture and system calculations that demonstrate the feasibility of the solution are presented. The system uses four buoys that sequentially transmit their position and the time of the instant of transmission, for which they are equipped with GNSS receivers and acoustic modems. The buoys can be fixed or even drifting, but they are inexpensive devices, which pose no hazard to navigation and can be easily and quickly deployed for a specific underwater mission. The multilateration algorithm used in the receiver is presented. To simplify the algorithm, the depth of the receiver, measured by a depth sensor, is used. Results are presented for the position error of an underwater vehicle due to its displacement during the transmission frame of the four buoys.
Ron-Angevin, Ricardo; Fernández-Rodríguez, Álvaro; Dupont, Clara; Maigrot, Jeanne; Meunier, Juliette; Tavard, Hugo; Lespinet-Najib, Véronique; André, Jean-Marc
Comparison of Two Paradigms Based on Stimulation with Images in a Spelling Brain–Computer Interface Journal Article
In: Sensors, vol. 23, no. 3, 2023, ISSN: 14248220.
@article{Ron-Angevin2023,
title = {Comparison of Two Paradigms Based on Stimulation with Images in a Spelling Brain–Computer Interface},
author = {Ricardo Ron-Angevin and Álvaro Fernández-Rodríguez and Clara Dupont and Jeanne Maigrot and Juliette Meunier and Hugo Tavard and Véronique Lespinet-Najib and Jean-Marc André},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147923784&doi=10.3390%2fs23031304&partnerID=40&md5=0f5fe843d93e8501ee978763220e27e1},
doi = {10.3390/s23031304},
issn = {14248220},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Sensors},
volume = {23},
number = {3},
publisher = {MDPI},
abstract = {A P300-based speller can be used to control a home automation system via brain activity. Evaluation of the visual stimuli used in a P300-based speller is a common topic in the field of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). The aim of the present work is to compare, using the usability approach, two types of stimuli that have provided high performance in previous studies. Twelve participants controlled a BCI under two conditions, which varied in terms of the type of stimulus employed: a red famous face surrounded by a white rectangle (RFW) and a range of neutral pictures (NPs). The usability approach included variables related to effectiveness (accuracy and information transfer rate), efficiency (stress and fatigue), and satisfaction (pleasantness and System Usability Scale and Affect Grid questionnaires). The results indicated that there were no significant differences in effectiveness, but the system that used NPs was reported as significantly more pleasant. Hence, since satisfaction variables should also be considered in systems that potential users are likely to employ regularly, the use of different NPs may be a more suitable option than the use of a single RFW for the development of a home automation system based on a visual P300-based speller. © 2023 by the authors.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A P300-based speller can be used to control a home automation system via brain activity. Evaluation of the visual stimuli used in a P300-based speller is a common topic in the field of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). The aim of the present work is to compare, using the usability approach, two types of stimuli that have provided high performance in previous studies. Twelve participants controlled a BCI under two conditions, which varied in terms of the type of stimulus employed: a red famous face surrounded by a white rectangle (RFW) and a range of neutral pictures (NPs). The usability approach included variables related to effectiveness (accuracy and information transfer rate), efficiency (stress and fatigue), and satisfaction (pleasantness and System Usability Scale and Affect Grid questionnaires). The results indicated that there were no significant differences in effectiveness, but the system that used NPs was reported as significantly more pleasant. Hence, since satisfaction variables should also be considered in systems that potential users are likely to employ regularly, the use of different NPs may be a more suitable option than the use of a single RFW for the development of a home automation system based on a visual P300-based speller. © 2023 by the authors.
Fernández-Rodríguez, Álvaro; Ron-Angevin, Ricardo; Velasco-Álvarez, Francisco; Diaz-Pineda, Jaime; Letouzé, Théodore; André, Jean-Marc
Evaluation of Single-Trial Classification to Control a Visual ERP-BCI under a Situation Awareness Scenario Journal Article
In: Brain Sciences, vol. 13, no. 6, 2023, ISSN: 20763425.
@article{Fernández-Rodríguez2023,
title = {Evaluation of Single-Trial Classification to Control a Visual ERP-BCI under a Situation Awareness Scenario},
author = {Álvaro Fernández-Rodríguez and Ricardo Ron-Angevin and Francisco Velasco-Álvarez and Jaime Diaz-Pineda and Théodore Letouzé and Jean-Marc André},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85163969490&doi=10.3390%2fbrainsci13060886&partnerID=40&md5=43795c68f8e86133ee9694be1f604516},
doi = {10.3390/brainsci13060886},
issn = {20763425},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Brain Sciences},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
publisher = {MDPI},
abstract = {An event-related potential (ERP)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) can be used to monitor a user’s cognitive state during a surveillance task in a situational awareness context. The present study explores the use of an ERP-BCI for detecting new planes in an air traffic controller (ATC). Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of different visual factors on target detection. Experiment 1 validated the type of stimulus used and the effect of not knowing its appearance location in an ERP-BCI scenario. Experiment 2 evaluated the effect of the size of the target stimulus appearance area and the stimulus salience in an ATC scenario. The main results demonstrate that the size of the plane appearance area had a negative impact on the detection performance and on the amplitude of the P300 component. Future studies should address this issue to improve the performance of an ATC in stimulus detection using an ERP-BCI. © 2023 by the authors.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
An event-related potential (ERP)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) can be used to monitor a user’s cognitive state during a surveillance task in a situational awareness context. The present study explores the use of an ERP-BCI for detecting new planes in an air traffic controller (ATC). Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of different visual factors on target detection. Experiment 1 validated the type of stimulus used and the effect of not knowing its appearance location in an ERP-BCI scenario. Experiment 2 evaluated the effect of the size of the target stimulus appearance area and the stimulus salience in an ATC scenario. The main results demonstrate that the size of the plane appearance area had a negative impact on the detection performance and on the amplitude of the P300 component. Future studies should address this issue to improve the performance of an ATC in stimulus detection using an ERP-BCI. © 2023 by the authors.
Ron-Angevin, Ricardo; Fernández-Rodríguez, Álvaro; Velasco-Álvarez, Francisco; Lespinet-Najib, Véronique; André, Jean-Marc
Usability of three software platforms for modifying graphical layout in visual P300-based brain-computer interface Journal Article
In: Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, vol. 86, no. 3, 2023, ISSN: 17468094.
@article{Ron-Angevin2023b,
title = {Usability of three software platforms for modifying graphical layout in visual P300-based brain-computer interface},
author = {Ricardo Ron-Angevin and Álvaro Fernández-Rodríguez and Francisco Velasco-Álvarez and Véronique Lespinet-Najib and Jean-Marc André},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85169902364&doi=10.1016%2fj.bspc.2023.105326&partnerID=40&md5=748249dc39b1ae49e362818c249cf223},
doi = {10.1016/j.bspc.2023.105326},
issn = {17468094},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Biomedical Signal Processing and Control},
volume = {86},
number = {3},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {Individuals afflicted by neurodegenerative conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may eventually reach a point where they lose the ability to communicate with the outside world through conventional muscular pathways. In these cases, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can be a suitable alternative, as they directly transform brain activity into external commands. A P300-based speller is a BCI for communication purposes. The most popular software platforms used to develop spellers are BCI2000 and Open-ViBE. However, these platforms can be relatively complex to set up without advanced technical knowledge. For this reason, the UMA-BCI Speller platform was recently developed, intended to facilitate the control of the system. Hence, the objective of this research was to assess and compare the user-friendliness of the three platforms put forth. A group of fifteen participants were tasked with configuring a designated speller layout using the three platforms. The findings acquired demonstrated that the UMA-BCI Speller platform exhibited the utmost level of usability, as it required the shortest time to complete the tasks and received the best feedback in the questionnaires. Overall, there was no difference between the BCI2000 and Open-ViBE platforms. In short, the UMA-BCI Speller offered the best usability and showed itself to be an easy application to use that provides many options to configure a speller graphical layout. © 2023 The Authors},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Individuals afflicted by neurodegenerative conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may eventually reach a point where they lose the ability to communicate with the outside world through conventional muscular pathways. In these cases, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can be a suitable alternative, as they directly transform brain activity into external commands. A P300-based speller is a BCI for communication purposes. The most popular software platforms used to develop spellers are BCI2000 and Open-ViBE. However, these platforms can be relatively complex to set up without advanced technical knowledge. For this reason, the UMA-BCI Speller platform was recently developed, intended to facilitate the control of the system. Hence, the objective of this research was to assess and compare the user-friendliness of the three platforms put forth. A group of fifteen participants were tasked with configuring a designated speller layout using the three platforms. The findings acquired demonstrated that the UMA-BCI Speller platform exhibited the utmost level of usability, as it required the shortest time to complete the tasks and received the best feedback in the questionnaires. Overall, there was no difference between the BCI2000 and Open-ViBE platforms. In short, the UMA-BCI Speller offered the best usability and showed itself to be an easy application to use that provides many options to configure a speller graphical layout. © 2023 The Authors
Velasco-Álvarez, Francisco; Fernández-Rodríguez, Álvaro; Ron-Angevin, Ricardo
Home automation system controlled through a brain-computer interface; [Sistema domótico controlado a través de una interfaz cerebro-ordenador] Journal Article
In: RIAI - Revista Iberoamericana de Automatica e Informatica Industrial, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 224 – 235, 2023, ISSN: 16977912.
@article{Velasco-Álvarez2023224,
title = {Home automation system controlled through a brain-computer interface; [Sistema domótico controlado a través de una interfaz cerebro-ordenador]},
author = {Francisco Velasco-Álvarez and Álvaro Fernández-Rodríguez and Ricardo Ron-Angevin},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85163181095&doi=10.4995%2friai.2023.18718&partnerID=40&md5=88092eee53668ddddc58f099301eef88},
doi = {10.4995/riai.2023.18718},
issn = {16977912},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {RIAI - Revista Iberoamericana de Automatica e Informatica Industrial},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {224 – 235},
publisher = {Universidad Politecnica de Valencia.},
abstract = {Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology permits brain activity to be used as a communication channel without the usage of muscular action in order to control a computer or different devices, such as a home automation system. Nevertheless, BCI systems have proven to be difficult to adapt to handle external equipment. The objective of this work is to control a home automation system through a BCI that allows the construction of voice commands, which are interpreted by a virtual assistant. The suggested system has been tested by twelve participants. WhatsApp, Spotify, Google Nest, a smart light bulb, a smart plug (to switch on/off a radio), and an infrared controller (to control a TV and an air conditioner) were among the devices operated. The results obtained have shown that the proposed BCI was effective for the control of a flexible home automation system that can be adapted to the needs of the users. © 2023 Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology permits brain activity to be used as a communication channel without the usage of muscular action in order to control a computer or different devices, such as a home automation system. Nevertheless, BCI systems have proven to be difficult to adapt to handle external equipment. The objective of this work is to control a home automation system through a BCI that allows the construction of voice commands, which are interpreted by a virtual assistant. The suggested system has been tested by twelve participants. WhatsApp, Spotify, Google Nest, a smart light bulb, a smart plug (to switch on/off a radio), and an infrared controller (to control a TV and an air conditioner) were among the devices operated. The results obtained have shown that the proposed BCI was effective for the control of a flexible home automation system that can be adapted to the needs of the users. © 2023 Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. All rights reserved.
Olyaee, Maryam; Eslami, Mohsen; Navaie, Keivan; Romero-Jerez, Juan M; Hashemi, Hadi; Haghighat, Javad; Bahmanpour, Mohamad
Analysis of the Effect of Sand and Dust Storms (SDSs) and Rain on the Performance of Cellular Networks in the Millimeter Wave Band Journal Article
In: IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 69252–69262, 2023.
@article{olyaee2023analysis,
title = {Analysis of the Effect of Sand and Dust Storms (SDSs) and Rain on the Performance of Cellular Networks in the Millimeter Wave Band},
author = {Maryam Olyaee and Mohsen Eslami and Keivan Navaie and Juan M Romero-Jerez and Hadi Hashemi and Javad Haghighat and Mohamad Bahmanpour},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=10168836},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Access},
volume = {11},
pages = {69252–69262},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2022
Gutierrez-Parera, Pablo; Lopez, Jose J.; Mora-Merchan, Javier M.; Larios, Diego F.
Interaural time difference individualization in HRTF by scaling through anthropometric parameters Journal Article
In: EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing, vol. 2022, no. 9, 2022, ISSN: 1687-4722.
@article{Gutierrez-Parera2022,
title = {Interaural time difference individualization in HRTF by scaling through anthropometric parameters},
author = {Pablo Gutierrez-Parera and Jose J. Lopez and Javier M. Mora-Merchan and Diego F. Larios},
url = {https://asmp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13636-022-00241-y},
doi = {10.1186/s13636-022-00241-y},
issn = {1687-4722},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-05-01},
journal = {EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing},
volume = {2022},
number = {9},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Picinali, Lorenzo; Katz, Brian FG; Geronazzo, Michele; Majdak, Piotr; Reyes-Lecuona, Arcadio; Vinciarelli, Alessandro
The SONICOM Project: Artificial Intelligence-Driven Immersive Audio, From Personalization to Modeling [Applications Corner] Journal Article
In: IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 85-88, 2022.
@article{9931551,
title = {The SONICOM Project: Artificial Intelligence-Driven Immersive Audio, From Personalization to Modeling [Applications Corner]},
author = {Lorenzo Picinali and Brian FG Katz and Michele Geronazzo and Piotr Majdak and Arcadio Reyes-Lecuona and Alessandro Vinciarelli},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9931551},
doi = {10.1109/MSP.2022.3182929},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Signal Processing Magazine},
volume = {39},
number = {6},
pages = {85-88},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Santoyo-Ramón, José Antonio; Casilari, Eduardo; Cano-García, José Manuel
A study of the influence of the sensor sampling frequency on the performance of wearable fall detectors Journal Article
In: Measurement, vol. 193, pp. 110945, 2022, ISSN: 0263-2241.
@article{ANTONIOSANTOYORAMON2022110945,
title = {A study of the influence of the sensor sampling frequency on the performance of wearable fall detectors},
author = {José Antonio Santoyo-Ramón and Eduardo Casilari and José Manuel Cano-García},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263224122002226},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.110945},
issn = {0263-2241},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Measurement},
volume = {193},
pages = {110945},
abstract = {Last decade has witnessed a major research interest on wearable fall detection systems. Sampling rate in these detectors strongly affects the power consumption and required complexity of the employed wearables. This study investigates the effect of the sampling frequency on the efficacy of the detection process. For this purpose, we train a convolutional neural network to directly discriminate falls from conventional activities based on the raw acceleration signals captured by a transportable sensor. Then, we analyze the changes in the performance of this classifier when the sampling rate is progressively reduced. In contrast with previous studies, the detector is tested against a wide set of public repositories of benchmarking traces. The quality metrics achieved for the different frequencies and the analysis of the spectrum of the signals reveal that a sampling rate of 20 Hz can be enough to maximize the effectiveness of a fall detector.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Last decade has witnessed a major research interest on wearable fall detection systems. Sampling rate in these detectors strongly affects the power consumption and required complexity of the employed wearables. This study investigates the effect of the sampling frequency on the efficacy of the detection process. For this purpose, we train a convolutional neural network to directly discriminate falls from conventional activities based on the raw acceleration signals captured by a transportable sensor. Then, we analyze the changes in the performance of this classifier when the sampling rate is progressively reduced. In contrast with previous studies, the detector is tested against a wide set of public repositories of benchmarking traces. The quality metrics achieved for the different frequencies and the analysis of the spectrum of the signals reveal that a sampling rate of 20 Hz can be enough to maximize the effectiveness of a fall detector.
Casilari, Eduardo; Silva, Carlos A.
An analytical comparison of datasets of Real-World and simulated falls intended for the evaluation of wearable fall alerting systems Journal Article
In: Measurement, vol. 202, pp. 111843, 2022, ISSN: 0263-2241.
@article{CASILARI2022111843,
title = {An analytical comparison of datasets of Real-World and simulated falls intended for the evaluation of wearable fall alerting systems},
author = {Eduardo Casilari and Carlos A. Silva},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263224122010429},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.111843},
issn = {0263-2241},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Measurement},
volume = {202},
pages = {111843},
abstract = {Automatic fall detection is one of the most promising applications of wearables in the field of mobile health. The characterization of the effectiveness of wearable fall detectors is hampered by the inherent difficulty of testing these devices with real-world falls. In fact, practically all the proposals in the literature assess the detection algorithms with ‘scripted’ falls that are simulated in a controlled laboratory environment by a group of volunteers (normally young and healthy participants). Aiming at appraising the adequacy of this method, this work systematically compares the statistical characteristics of the acceleration signals from two databases with real falls and those computed from the simulated falls provided by 18 well-known repositories commonly employed by the related works. The results show noteworthy differences between the dynamics of emulated and real-life falls, which undermines the testing procedures followed to date and forces to rethink the strategies for evaluating wearable fall detectors.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Automatic fall detection is one of the most promising applications of wearables in the field of mobile health. The characterization of the effectiveness of wearable fall detectors is hampered by the inherent difficulty of testing these devices with real-world falls. In fact, practically all the proposals in the literature assess the detection algorithms with ‘scripted’ falls that are simulated in a controlled laboratory environment by a group of volunteers (normally young and healthy participants). Aiming at appraising the adequacy of this method, this work systematically compares the statistical characteristics of the acceleration signals from two databases with real falls and those computed from the simulated falls provided by 18 well-known repositories commonly employed by the related works. The results show noteworthy differences between the dynamics of emulated and real-life falls, which undermines the testing procedures followed to date and forces to rethink the strategies for evaluating wearable fall detectors.
Romero-Jerez, Juan M.; Lopez-Martinez, F. Javier; Peña-Martín, Juan P.; Abdi, Ali
Stochastic Fading Channel Models With Multiple Dominant Specular Components Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 2229-2239, 2022.
@article{9678061,
title = {Stochastic Fading Channel Models With Multiple Dominant Specular Components},
author = {Juan M. Romero-Jerez and F. Javier Lopez-Martinez and Juan P. Peña-Martín and Ali Abdi},
doi = {10.1109/TVT.2022.3141949},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology},
volume = {71},
number = {3},
pages = {2229-2239},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Z., Sharifian; Barekatain,; B., Ariza Quintana
LOADng-AT: a novel practical implementation of hybrid AHP-TOPSIS algorithm in reactive routing protocol for intelligent IoT-based networks Journal Article
In: The Journal of Supercomputing, vol. 78, pp. 9521–9569, 2022, ISSN: 1573-0484.
@article{SHARIFIAN2022,
title = {LOADng-AT: a novel practical implementation of hybrid AHP-TOPSIS algorithm in reactive routing protocol for intelligent IoT-based networks},
author = {Sharifian Z. and Barekatain and Ariza Quintana B.},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-021-04256-8},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-04256-8},
issn = {1573-0484},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {The Journal of Supercomputing},
volume = {78},
pages = {9521–9569},
abstract = {Despite that IoT technology provides a promising future for human life, some significant challenges such as routing, security, low-cost equipment, energy consumption, privacy, and reliability can considerably affect its performance. In recent studies, routing has been considered as one of the most critical challenges in IoT due to many existing IoT devices in a network. Selecting a non-optimal path increases collision probability and packet latency which sharply reduces the network performance. Hence, a novel flexible, scalable, and efficient routing protocol named LOADng-AT has been introduced in this study to overcome this challenge. Using LOADng-AT, firstly, taking advantage of the hello message, information about link quality parameters up to two hops is exchanged among nodes. This information includes various parameters such as bi-/unidirectional links, ETX, number of neighbors, link stability, received and residual energy, and SINR, gathered by hello message. Secondly, considering those parameters simultaneously, LOADng-AT efficiently chooses the best possible route based on the hybrid AHP-TOPSIS algorithm. The proposed protocol considerably decreases the RREQ broadcast storm. Moreover, it supports an error recovery path without rerunning a new routing process that noticeably decreases the network routing delay. LOADng-AT can be easily adapted to any QoS parameter with very low complexity which is very important for a delay-sensitive IoT-based network. Finally, in case of noisy condition, the proposed protocol can be efficiently used in low-quality links. Simulation results based on several scenarios in the OMNET ++ simulator show that end-to-end delay (EED) and packet delivery ratio (PDR) parameters significantly improved in the proposed method compared to other similar methods. In other words, using LOADng-AT, the mean values of PDR parameter were 98.64 and 82 percent for network sizes 400 × 200 and 800 × 400 m2, respectively, while the mean values of EED were 0.001 and 0.018 for network sizes 400 × 200 and 800 × 400 m2, respectively. The overall improvement for PDR and EED parameters in all 60 considered scenarios compared to similar methods were 82.26 and 16.6 percent, respectively.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Despite that IoT technology provides a promising future for human life, some significant challenges such as routing, security, low-cost equipment, energy consumption, privacy, and reliability can considerably affect its performance. In recent studies, routing has been considered as one of the most critical challenges in IoT due to many existing IoT devices in a network. Selecting a non-optimal path increases collision probability and packet latency which sharply reduces the network performance. Hence, a novel flexible, scalable, and efficient routing protocol named LOADng-AT has been introduced in this study to overcome this challenge. Using LOADng-AT, firstly, taking advantage of the hello message, information about link quality parameters up to two hops is exchanged among nodes. This information includes various parameters such as bi-/unidirectional links, ETX, number of neighbors, link stability, received and residual energy, and SINR, gathered by hello message. Secondly, considering those parameters simultaneously, LOADng-AT efficiently chooses the best possible route based on the hybrid AHP-TOPSIS algorithm. The proposed protocol considerably decreases the RREQ broadcast storm. Moreover, it supports an error recovery path without rerunning a new routing process that noticeably decreases the network routing delay. LOADng-AT can be easily adapted to any QoS parameter with very low complexity which is very important for a delay-sensitive IoT-based network. Finally, in case of noisy condition, the proposed protocol can be efficiently used in low-quality links. Simulation results based on several scenarios in the OMNET ++ simulator show that end-to-end delay (EED) and packet delivery ratio (PDR) parameters significantly improved in the proposed method compared to other similar methods. In other words, using LOADng-AT, the mean values of PDR parameter were 98.64 and 82 percent for network sizes 400 × 200 and 800 × 400 m2, respectively, while the mean values of EED were 0.001 and 0.018 for network sizes 400 × 200 and 800 × 400 m2, respectively. The overall improvement for PDR and EED parameters in all 60 considered scenarios compared to similar methods were 82.26 and 16.6 percent, respectively.
Velasco-Álvarez, Francisco; Fernández-Rodríguez, Álvaro; Ron-Angevin, Ricardo
Brain-computer interface (BCI)-generated speech to control domotic devices Journal Article
In: Neurocomputing, vol. 509, pp. 121 – 136, 2022, ISSN: 09252312.
@article{Velasco-Álvarez2022121,
title = {Brain-computer interface (BCI)-generated speech to control domotic devices},
author = {Francisco Velasco-Álvarez and Álvaro Fernández-Rodríguez and Ricardo Ron-Angevin},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136557263&doi=10.1016%2fj.neucom.2022.08.068&partnerID=40&md5=fba9dd6b2ed7f2cb922271d1c20d8d7b},
doi = {10.1016/j.neucom.2022.08.068},
issn = {09252312},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Neurocomputing},
volume = {509},
pages = {121 – 136},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a type of technology that establishes a communication channel between a user and certain devices in the environment via the brain signals of the user. The UMA-BCI Speller tool allows for easy configuration of a BCI, permitting it to be manipulated without the need for much technical knowledge. However, adapting a BCI system so that it can communicate with devices is a challenging task. A simpler technology that is increasingly used to enable communication with devices in the environment is based on voice commands. The aim of the present work is therefore to create a system to facilitate communication between a BCI and devices in the environment using voice commands. Twelve healthy participants and three amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients were asked to control a BCI home automation system. The devices to be controlled were a television, an air conditioner, a smart light bulb, a smart plug, and the WhatsApp and Spotify apps. Performance measures were recorded, and subjective measures were collected based on the System usability scale, NASA-TLX and ad hoc questionnaires. The results of this study validate the proposed system as a suitable option to facilitate communication between a BCI and commercial devices that have been previously adapted to operate based on voice commands. © 2022 The Authors},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a type of technology that establishes a communication channel between a user and certain devices in the environment via the brain signals of the user. The UMA-BCI Speller tool allows for easy configuration of a BCI, permitting it to be manipulated without the need for much technical knowledge. However, adapting a BCI system so that it can communicate with devices is a challenging task. A simpler technology that is increasingly used to enable communication with devices in the environment is based on voice commands. The aim of the present work is therefore to create a system to facilitate communication between a BCI and devices in the environment using voice commands. Twelve healthy participants and three amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients were asked to control a BCI home automation system. The devices to be controlled were a television, an air conditioner, a smart light bulb, a smart plug, and the WhatsApp and Spotify apps. Performance measures were recorded, and subjective measures were collected based on the System usability scale, NASA-TLX and ad hoc questionnaires. The results of this study validate the proposed system as a suitable option to facilitate communication between a BCI and commercial devices that have been previously adapted to operate based on voice commands. © 2022 The Authors
Fernández-Rodríguez, Álvaro; Darves-Bornoz, Aube; Velasco-Álvarez, Francisco; Ron-Angevin, Ricardo
Effect of Stimulus Size in a Visual ERP-Based BCI under RSVP Journal Article
In: Sensors, vol. 22, no. 23, 2022, ISSN: 14248220.
@article{Fernández-Rodríguez2022,
title = {Effect of Stimulus Size in a Visual ERP-Based BCI under RSVP},
author = {Álvaro Fernández-Rodríguez and Aube Darves-Bornoz and Francisco Velasco-Álvarez and Ricardo Ron-Angevin},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85143730939&doi=10.3390%2fs22239505&partnerID=40&md5=0a44f83566fe3574ffbb67f6f865e9c5},
doi = {10.3390/s22239505},
issn = {14248220},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Sensors},
volume = {22},
number = {23},
publisher = {MDPI},
abstract = {Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) is currently one of the most suitable paradigms for use with a visual brain–computer interface based on event-related potentials (ERP-BCI) by patients with a lack of ocular motility. However, gaze-independent paradigms have not been studied as closely as gaze-dependent ones, and variables such as the sizes of the stimuli presented have not yet been explored under RSVP. Hence, the aim of the present work is to assess whether stimulus size has an impact on ERP-BCI performance under the RSVP paradigm. Twelve participants tested the ERP-BCI under RSVP using three different stimulus sizes: small (0.1 × 0.1 cm), medium (1.9 × 1.8 cm), and large (20.05 × 19.9 cm) at 60 cm. The results showed significant differences in accuracy between the conditions; the larger the stimulus, the better the accuracy obtained. It was also shown that these differences were not due to incorrect perception of the stimuli since there was no effect from the size in a perceptual discrimination task. The present work therefore shows that stimulus size has an impact on the performance of an ERP-BCI under RSVP. This finding should be considered by future ERP-BCI proposals aimed at users who need gaze-independent systems. © 2022 by the authors.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) is currently one of the most suitable paradigms for use with a visual brain–computer interface based on event-related potentials (ERP-BCI) by patients with a lack of ocular motility. However, gaze-independent paradigms have not been studied as closely as gaze-dependent ones, and variables such as the sizes of the stimuli presented have not yet been explored under RSVP. Hence, the aim of the present work is to assess whether stimulus size has an impact on ERP-BCI performance under the RSVP paradigm. Twelve participants tested the ERP-BCI under RSVP using three different stimulus sizes: small (0.1 × 0.1 cm), medium (1.9 × 1.8 cm), and large (20.05 × 19.9 cm) at 60 cm. The results showed significant differences in accuracy between the conditions; the larger the stimulus, the better the accuracy obtained. It was also shown that these differences were not due to incorrect perception of the stimuli since there was no effect from the size in a perceptual discrimination task. The present work therefore shows that stimulus size has an impact on the performance of an ERP-BCI under RSVP. This finding should be considered by future ERP-BCI proposals aimed at users who need gaze-independent systems. © 2022 by the authors.
Olyaee, Maryam; Romero-Jerez, Juan M; Lopez-Martinez, F Javier; Goldsmith, Andrea J
Alternative Formulations for the Fluctuating Two-Ray Fading Model Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 9404–9416, 2022.
@article{olyaee2022alternative,
title = {Alternative Formulations for the Fluctuating Two-Ray Fading Model},
author = {Maryam Olyaee and Juan M Romero-Jerez and F Javier Lopez-Martinez and Andrea J Goldsmith},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications},
volume = {21},
number = {11},
pages = {9404–9416},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Olyaee, Maryam; Cortés, José A; Lopez-Martinez, F Javier; Paris, José F; Romero-Jerez, Juan M
The Fluctuating Two-Ray Fading Model with Independent Specular Components Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 72, no. 5, pp. 5533–5545, 2022.
@article{olyaee2022fluctuating,
title = {The Fluctuating Two-Ray Fading Model with Independent Specular Components},
author = {Maryam Olyaee and José A Cortés and F Javier Lopez-Martinez and José F Paris and Juan M Romero-Jerez},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology},
volume = {72},
number = {5},
pages = {5533–5545},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lopez, Jose J.; Gutierrez-Parera, Pablo; Cobos, Maximo
Compensating first reflections in non-anechoic head-related transfer function measurements Journal Article
In: Applied Acoustics, vol. 188, pp. 108523, 2022, ISSN: 0003-682X.
@article{Lopez2022,
title = {Compensating first reflections in non-anechoic head-related transfer function measurements},
author = {Jose J. Lopez and Pablo Gutierrez-Parera and Maximo Cobos},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003682X21006174},
doi = {10.1016/j.apacoust.2021.108523},
issn = {0003-682X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Applied Acoustics},
volume = {188},
pages = {108523},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
González-Toledo, Daniel; Cuevas-Rodríguez, María; Molina-Tanco, Luis; Reyes-Lecuona, Arcadio
Still room for improvement in traditional 3D interaction: selecting the fixed axis in the virtual trackball Journal Article
In: The Visual Computer, 2022.
@article{Sti/2022,
title = {Still room for improvement in traditional 3D interaction: selecting the fixed axis in the virtual trackball},
author = {Daniel González-Toledo and María Cuevas-Rodríguez and Luis Molina-Tanco and Arcadio Reyes-Lecuona},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00371-021-02394-x},
doi = {10.1007/s00371-021-02394-x},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {The Visual Computer},
abstract = {Virtual trackball techniques are widely used when 3D interaction is performed through interfaces with a reduced number of degrees of freedom such as mice and touchscreens. For decades, most implementations fix a vertical axis of rotation, which is a suitable choice when the vertical axis should indeed be fixed, according to some mental model of the user. We conducted an experiment involving the use of a mouse and a touch device to study usability in terms of performance, perceived usability and mental workload when selecting different fixed axes in accordance with the userrqs mental model. The results we obtained indicate that the consistency between the axis fixed by the technique and the objectrqs intrinsic axis has a positive effect on usability. We believe that implementations that allow to select different fixed axis for each specific object should be considered when designing future reduced-DoF interaction interfaces.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Virtual trackball techniques are widely used when 3D interaction is performed through interfaces with a reduced number of degrees of freedom such as mice and touchscreens. For decades, most implementations fix a vertical axis of rotation, which is a suitable choice when the vertical axis should indeed be fixed, according to some mental model of the user. We conducted an experiment involving the use of a mouse and a touch device to study usability in terms of performance, perceived usability and mental workload when selecting different fixed axes in accordance with the userrqs mental model. The results we obtained indicate that the consistency between the axis fixed by the technique and the objectrqs intrinsic axis has a positive effect on usability. We believe that implementations that allow to select different fixed axis for each specific object should be considered when designing future reduced-DoF interaction interfaces.
2021
Santoyo-Ramón, José Antonio; Casilari, Eduardo; Cano-García, José Manuel
A study on the impact of the users' characteristics on the performance of wearable fall detection system Journal Article
In: Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 23011, 2021, ISSN: 2045-2322.
@article{Ast/2021,
title = {A study on the impact of the users' characteristics on the performance of wearable fall detection system},
author = {José Antonio Santoyo-Ramón and Eduardo Casilari and José Manuel Cano-García},
url = {https://rdcu.be/cB5NF},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-02537-z},
issn = {2045-2322},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-01},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {11},
number = {23011},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Santoyo-Ramón, Jose Antonio; Casilari, Eduardo; Cano-García, José Manuel
A Study of One-Class Classification Algorithms for Wearable Fall Sensors Journal Article
In: Biosensors, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 284, 2021, ISSN: 2079-6374.
@article{Jos/ASt/2021,
title = {A Study of One-Class Classification Algorithms for Wearable Fall Sensors},
author = {Jose Antonio Santoyo-Ramón and Eduardo Casilari and José Manuel Cano-García},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/8/284},
doi = {10.3390/bios11080284},
issn = {2079-6374},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-08-01},
journal = {Biosensors},
volume = {11},
number = {8},
pages = {284},
abstract = {In recent years, the popularity of wearable devices has fostered the investigation of automatic fall detection systems based on the analysis of the signals captured by transportable inertial sensors. Due to the complexity and variety of human movements, the detection algorithms that offer the best performance when discriminating falls from conventional Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) are those built on machine learning and deep learning mechanisms. In this regard, supervised machine learning binary classification methods have been massively employed by the related literature. However, the learning phase of these algorithms requires mobility patterns caused by falls, which are very difficult to obtain in realistic application scenarios. An interesting alternative is offered by One-Class Classifiers (OCCs), which can be exclusively trained and configured with movement traces of a single type (ADLs). In this paper, a systematic study of the performance of various typical OCCs (for diverse sets of input features and hyperparameters) is performed when applied to nine public repositories of falls and ADLs. The results show the potentials of these classifiers, which are capable of achieving performance metrics very similar to those of supervised algorithms (with values for the specificity and the sensitivity higher than 95%). However, the study warns of the need to have a wide variety of types of ADLs when training OCCs, since activities with a high degree of mobility can significantly increase the frequency of false alarms (ADLs identified as falls) if not considered in the data subsets used for training},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In recent years, the popularity of wearable devices has fostered the investigation of automatic fall detection systems based on the analysis of the signals captured by transportable inertial sensors. Due to the complexity and variety of human movements, the detection algorithms that offer the best performance when discriminating falls from conventional Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) are those built on machine learning and deep learning mechanisms. In this regard, supervised machine learning binary classification methods have been massively employed by the related literature. However, the learning phase of these algorithms requires mobility patterns caused by falls, which are very difficult to obtain in realistic application scenarios. An interesting alternative is offered by One-Class Classifiers (OCCs), which can be exclusively trained and configured with movement traces of a single type (ADLs). In this paper, a systematic study of the performance of various typical OCCs (for diverse sets of input features and hyperparameters) is performed when applied to nine public repositories of falls and ADLs. The results show the potentials of these classifiers, which are capable of achieving performance metrics very similar to those of supervised algorithms (with values for the specificity and the sensitivity higher than 95%). However, the study warns of the need to have a wide variety of types of ADLs when training OCCs, since activities with a high degree of mobility can significantly increase the frequency of false alarms (ADLs identified as falls) if not considered in the data subsets used for training
Cuevas-Rodríguez, María; González-Toledo, Daniel; Reyes-Lecuona, Arcadio; Picinali, Lorenzo
Impact of non-individualised head related transfer functions on speech-in-noise performances within a synthesised virtual environment Journal Article
In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 149, no. 4, pp. 2573–2586, 2021, ISSN: 0001-4966.
@article{Imp/2021,
title = {Impact of non-individualised head related transfer functions on speech-in-noise performances within a synthesised virtual environment},
author = {María Cuevas-Rodríguez and Daniel González-Toledo and Arcadio Reyes-Lecuona and Lorenzo Picinali},
url = {https://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/10.0004220},
doi = {10.1121/10.0004220},
issn = {0001-4966},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-01},
journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
volume = {149},
number = {4},
pages = {2573–2586},
abstract = {When performing binaural spatialisation, it is widely accepted that the choice of the head related transfer functions (HRTFs), and in particular the use of individually measured ones, can have an impact on localisation accuracy, externalization, and overall realism. Yet the impact of HRTF choices on speech-in-noise performances in cocktail party-like scenarios has not been investigated in depth. This paper introduces a study where 22 participants were presented with a frontal speech target and two lateral maskers, spatialised using a set of non-individual HRTFs. Speech reception threshold (SRT) was measured for each HRTF. Furthermore, using the SRT predicted by an existing speech perception model, the measured values were compensated in the attempt to remove overall HRTF-specific benefits. Results show significant overall differences among the SRTs measured using different HRTFs, consistently with the results predicted by the model. Individual differences between participants related to their SRT performances using different HRTFs could also be found, but their significance was reduced after the compensation. The implications of these findings are relevant to several research areas related to spatial hearing and speech perception, suggesting that when testing speech-in-noise performances within binaurally rendered virtual environments, the choice of the HRTF for each individual should be carefully considered.},
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When performing binaural spatialisation, it is widely accepted that the choice of the head related transfer functions (HRTFs), and in particular the use of individually measured ones, can have an impact on localisation accuracy, externalization, and overall realism. Yet the impact of HRTF choices on speech-in-noise performances in cocktail party-like scenarios has not been investigated in depth. This paper introduces a study where 22 participants were presented with a frontal speech target and two lateral maskers, spatialised using a set of non-individual HRTFs. Speech reception threshold (SRT) was measured for each HRTF. Furthermore, using the SRT predicted by an existing speech perception model, the measured values were compensated in the attempt to remove overall HRTF-specific benefits. Results show significant overall differences among the SRTs measured using different HRTFs, consistently with the results predicted by the model. Individual differences between participants related to their SRT performances using different HRTFs could also be found, but their significance was reduced after the compensation. The implications of these findings are relevant to several research areas related to spatial hearing and speech perception, suggesting that when testing speech-in-noise performances within binaurally rendered virtual environments, the choice of the HRTF for each individual should be carefully considered.
González-Cañete, Francisco J.; Casilari, Eduardo
A Feasibility Study of the Use of Smartwatches in Wearable Fall Detection Systems Journal Article
In: Sensors, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 2254, 2021, ISSN: 1424-8220.
@article{AFe/2021,
title = {A Feasibility Study of the Use of Smartwatches in Wearable Fall Detection Systems},
author = {Francisco J. González-Cañete and Eduardo Casilari},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2254},
doi = {10.3390/s21062254},
issn = {1424-8220},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-03-01},
journal = {Sensors},
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Márquez-Moncada, Ana; Luis, Bottcher Hauke; González-Toledo, Daniel; Cuevas-Rodriguez, María; Molina-Tanco, Luis; Reyes-Lecuona, Arcadio
Influencia del Audio 3D en la Percepción de la Ganancia de Rotación en un Entorno Virtual . Un Estudio Piloto Journal Article
In: Interacción 20/21, 2021.
@article{Marquez-Moncada2021a,
title = {Influencia del Audio 3D en la Percepción de la Ganancia de Rotación en un Entorno Virtual . Un Estudio Piloto},
author = {Ana Márquez-Moncada and Bottcher Hauke Luis and Daniel González-Toledo and María Cuevas-Rodriguez and Luis Molina-Tanco and Arcadio Reyes-Lecuona},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10630/22942},
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Reyes-Lecuona, Arcadio; Márquez-Moncada, Ana; Luis, Bottcher Hauke; González-Toledo, Daniel; Cuevas-Rodriguez, María; Molina-Tanco, Luis
Audio Binaural y Ganancia de Rotación en Entornos Virtuales Binaural Audio and Rotation Gain in Virtual Environments Journal Article
In: Interaccion - Revista Digital de AIPO, vol. 2, iss. 2, pp. 54-62, 2021.
@article{Reyes-Lecuona2021c,
title = {Audio Binaural y Ganancia de Rotación en Entornos Virtuales Binaural Audio and Rotation Gain in Virtual Environments},
author = {Arcadio Reyes-Lecuona and Ana Márquez-Moncada and Bottcher Hauke Luis and Daniel González-Toledo and María Cuevas-Rodriguez and Luis Molina-Tanco},
year = {2021},
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López-Fernández, Jesús; Espinosa, Pablo Ramírez; Romero-Jerez, Juan M; López-Martínez, F Javier
A fluctuating line-of-sight fading model with double-rayleigh diffuse scattering Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 1000–1003, 2021.
@article{lopez2021fluctuating,
title = {A fluctuating line-of-sight fading model with double-rayleigh diffuse scattering},
author = {Jesús López-Fernández and Pablo Ramírez Espinosa and Juan M Romero-Jerez and F Javier López-Martínez},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology},
volume = {71},
number = {1},
pages = {1000–1003},
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Ahrens, Axel; Cuevas-Rodríguez, María; Brimijoin, W. Owen
Speech intelligibility with various head-related transfer functions: A computational modelling approach Journal Article
In: JASA Express Letters, vol. 1, no. 3, 2021.
@article{Spe/2021,
title = {Speech intelligibility with various head-related transfer functions: A computational modelling approach},
author = {Axel Ahrens and María Cuevas-Rodríguez and W. Owen Brimijoin},
url = {https://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/10.0003618},
doi = {10.1121/10.0003618},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {JASA Express Letters},
volume = {1},
number = {3},
abstract = {Speech intelligibility (SI) is known to be affected by the relative spatial position between target and interferers. The benefit of a spatial separation is, along with other factors, related to the head-related transfer function (HRTF). The HRTF is individually different and thus, the cues that affect SI might also be different. In the current study, an auditory model was employed to predict SI with various HRTFs and at different angles on the horizontal plane. The predicted SI threshold was found to be largely different across HRTFs. Thus, individual listeners might have different access to SI cues, dependent on their HRTF.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Speech intelligibility (SI) is known to be affected by the relative spatial position between target and interferers. The benefit of a spatial separation is, along with other factors, related to the head-related transfer function (HRTF). The HRTF is individually different and thus, the cues that affect SI might also be different. In the current study, an auditory model was employed to predict SI with various HRTFs and at different angles on the horizontal plane. The predicted SI threshold was found to be largely different across HRTFs. Thus, individual listeners might have different access to SI cues, dependent on their HRTF.
González-Cañete, Francisco Javier; López-Rodríguez, José Luís; Galdón, Pedro María; Diaz-Estrella, Antonio
Improving the Screen Exploration of Smartphones Using Haptic Icons for Visually Impaired Users Journal Article
In: Sensors, vol. 21, no. 15, 2021, ISSN: 1424-8220.
@article{s21155024,
title = {Improving the Screen Exploration of Smartphones Using Haptic Icons for Visually Impaired Users},
author = {Francisco Javier González-Cañete and José Luís López-Rodríguez and Pedro María Galdón and Antonio Diaz-Estrella},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5024},
doi = {10.3390/s21155024},
issn = {1424-8220},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Sensors},
volume = {21},
number = {15},
abstract = {We report the results of a study on the learnability of the locations of haptic icons on smartphones. The aim was to study the influence of the use of complex and different vibration patterns associated with haptic icons compared to the use of simple and equal vibrations on commercial location-assistance applications. We studied the performance of users with different visual capacities (visually impaired vs. sighted) in terms of the time taken to learn the icons locations and the icon recognition rate. We also took into consideration the users satisfaction with the application developed to perform the study. The experiments concluded that the use of complex and different instead of simple and equal vibration patterns obtains better recognition rates. This improvement is even more noticeable for visually impaired users, who obtain results comparable to those achieved by sighted users.},
keywords = {},
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tppubtype = {article}
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We report the results of a study on the learnability of the locations of haptic icons on smartphones. The aim was to study the influence of the use of complex and different vibration patterns associated with haptic icons compared to the use of simple and equal vibrations on commercial location-assistance applications. We studied the performance of users with different visual capacities (visually impaired vs. sighted) in terms of the time taken to learn the icons locations and the icon recognition rate. We also took into consideration the users satisfaction with the application developed to perform the study. The experiments concluded that the use of complex and different instead of simple and equal vibration patterns obtains better recognition rates. This improvement is even more noticeable for visually impaired users, who obtain results comparable to those achieved by sighted users.
Reyes-Lecuona, Arcadio; Moncada, Ana Marquez; Bottcher, Hauke Luis; González-Toledo, Daniel; Cuevas-Rodr'iguez, Mar'ia; Molina-Tanco, Luis
Audio Binaural y Ganancia de Rotación en Entornos Virtuales Journal Article
In: Revista de la Asociación Interacción Persona Ordenador (AIPO), vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 54–62, 2021.
@article{reyes2021audio,
title = {Audio Binaural y Ganancia de Rotación en Entornos Virtuales},
author = {Arcadio Reyes-Lecuona and Ana Marquez Moncada and Hauke Luis Bottcher and Daniel González-Toledo and Mar'ia Cuevas-Rodr'iguez and Luis Molina-Tanco},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
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2020
Casilari, Eduardo; Santoyo-Ramón, Jose Antonio; Cano-García, José Manuel
On the Heterogeneity of Existing Repositories of Movements Intended for the Evaluation of Fall Detection Systems Journal Article
In: Journal of Healthcare Engineering, vol. 2020, pp. 6622285, 2020, ISSN: 2040-2295.
@article{Ont/2020,
title = {On the Heterogeneity of Existing Repositories of Movements Intended for the Evaluation of Fall Detection Systems},
author = {Eduardo Casilari and Jose Antonio Santoyo-Ramón and José Manuel Cano-García},
url = {https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jhe/2020/6622285/},
doi = {10.1155/2020/6622285},
issn = {2040-2295},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-01},
journal = {Journal of Healthcare Engineering},
volume = {2020},
pages = {6622285},
abstract = {Due to the serious impact of falls on the autonomy and health of older people, the investigation of wearable alerting systems for the automatic detection of falls has gained considerable scientific interest in the field of body telemonitoring with wireless sensors. Because of the difficulties of systematically validating these systems in a real application scenario, Fall Detection Systems (FDSs) are typically evaluated by studying their response to datasets containing inertial sensor measurements captured during the execution of labelled nonfall and fall movements. In this context, during the last decade, numerous publicly accessible databases have been released aiming at offering a common benchmarking tool for the validation of the new proposals on FDSs. This work offers a comparative and updated analysis of these existing repositories. For this purpose, the samples contained in the datasets are characterized by different statistics that model diverse aspects of the mobility of the human body in the time interval where the greatest change in the acceleration module is identified. By using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the series of these features, the comparison shows the significant differences detected between the datasets, even when comparing activities that require a similar degree of physical effort. This heterogeneity, which may result from the great variability of the sensors, experimental users, and testbeds employed to generate the datasets, is relevant because it casts doubt on the validity of the conclusions of many studies on FDSs, since most of the proposals in the literature are only evaluated using a single database.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
Due to the serious impact of falls on the autonomy and health of older people, the investigation of wearable alerting systems for the automatic detection of falls has gained considerable scientific interest in the field of body telemonitoring with wireless sensors. Because of the difficulties of systematically validating these systems in a real application scenario, Fall Detection Systems (FDSs) are typically evaluated by studying their response to datasets containing inertial sensor measurements captured during the execution of labelled nonfall and fall movements. In this context, during the last decade, numerous publicly accessible databases have been released aiming at offering a common benchmarking tool for the validation of the new proposals on FDSs. This work offers a comparative and updated analysis of these existing repositories. For this purpose, the samples contained in the datasets are characterized by different statistics that model diverse aspects of the mobility of the human body in the time interval where the greatest change in the acceleration module is identified. By using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the series of these features, the comparison shows the significant differences detected between the datasets, even when comparing activities that require a similar degree of physical effort. This heterogeneity, which may result from the great variability of the sensors, experimental users, and testbeds employed to generate the datasets, is relevant because it casts doubt on the validity of the conclusions of many studies on FDSs, since most of the proposals in the literature are only evaluated using a single database.
Casilari, Eduardo; Lora-Rivera, Raúl; García-Lagos, Francisco
A Study on the Application of Convolutional Neural Networks to Fall Detection Evaluated with Multiple Public Datasets Journal Article
In: Sensors, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 1466, 2020, ISSN: 1424-8220.
@article{ASt/2020,
title = {A Study on the Application of Convolutional Neural Networks to Fall Detection Evaluated with Multiple Public Datasets},
author = {Eduardo Casilari and Raúl Lora-Rivera and Francisco García-Lagos},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1466},
doi = {10.3390/s20051466},
issn = {1424-8220},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-01},
journal = {Sensors},
volume = {20},
number = {5},
pages = {1466},
abstract = {Due to the repercussion of falls on both the health and self-sufficiency of older people and on the financial sustainability of healthcare systems, the study of wearable fall detection systems (FDSs) has gained much attention during the last years. The core of a FDS is the algorithm that discriminates falls from conventional Activities of Daily Life (ADLs). This work presents and evaluates a convolutional deep neural network when it is applied to identify fall patterns based on the measurements collected by a transportable tri-axial accelerometer. In contrast with most works in the related literature, the evaluation is performed against a wide set of public data repositories containing the traces obtained from diverse groups of volunteers during the execution of ADLs and mimicked falls. Although the method can yield very good results when it is hyper-parameterized for a certain dataset, the global evaluation with the other repositories highlights the difficulty of extrapolating to other testbeds the network architecture that was configured and optimized for a particular dataset.},
keywords = {},
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Due to the repercussion of falls on both the health and self-sufficiency of older people and on the financial sustainability of healthcare systems, the study of wearable fall detection systems (FDSs) has gained much attention during the last years. The core of a FDS is the algorithm that discriminates falls from conventional Activities of Daily Life (ADLs). This work presents and evaluates a convolutional deep neural network when it is applied to identify fall patterns based on the measurements collected by a transportable tri-axial accelerometer. In contrast with most works in the related literature, the evaluation is performed against a wide set of public data repositories containing the traces obtained from diverse groups of volunteers during the execution of ADLs and mimicked falls. Although the method can yield very good results when it is hyper-parameterized for a certain dataset, the global evaluation with the other repositories highlights the difficulty of extrapolating to other testbeds the network architecture that was configured and optimized for a particular dataset.
Casilari, Eduardo; Álvarez-Marco, Moisés; García-Lagos, Francisco
A Study of the Use of Gyroscope Measurements in Wearable Fall Detection Systems Journal Article
In: Symmetry, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 649, 2020, ISSN: 2073-8994.
@article{AStgiroscopo/2020,
title = {A Study of the Use of Gyroscope Measurements in Wearable Fall Detection Systems},
author = {Eduardo Casilari and Moisés Álvarez-Marco and Francisco García-Lagos},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/4/649/htm},
doi = {10.3390/sym12040649},
issn = {2073-8994},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-01},
journal = {Symmetry},
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Delgado-Escaño, Rubén; Castro, Francisco M.; Cózar, Julián R.; Marín-Jiménez, Manuel J.; Guil, Nicolás; Casilari, Eduardo
A cross-dataset deep learning-based classifier for people fall detection and identification Journal Article
In: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, vol. 184, no. 105265, 2020, ISSN: 0169-2607.
@article{Acr/2020,
title = {A cross-dataset deep learning-based classifier for people fall detection and identification},
author = {Rubén Delgado-Escaño and Francisco M. Castro and Julián R. Cózar and Manuel J. Marín-Jiménez and Nicolás Guil and Eduardo Casilari},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169260719311770},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105265},
issn = {0169-2607},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-02-01},
journal = {Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine},
volume = {184},
number = {105265},
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González-Cañete, Francisco J.; Casilari, Eduardo
Consumption Analysis of Smartphone based Fall Detection Systems with Multiple External Wireless Sensors Journal Article
In: Sensors, vol. 20, no. 3, 2020, ISSN: 1424-8220.
@article{Con/2020,
title = {Consumption Analysis of Smartphone based Fall Detection Systems with Multiple External Wireless Sensors},
author = {Francisco J. González-Cañete and Eduardo Casilari},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/3/622},
doi = {10.3390/s20030622},
issn = {1424-8220},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
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Reyes-Lecuona, Arcadio; Molina-Tanco, Luis; Cuevas-Rodríguez, María; González-Toledo, Daniel
Interacción 3D y Realidad Virtual en la Universidad de Málaga. Presentación del grupo 3DI-DIANA Journal Article
In: Interaccion - Revista Digital de AIPO, pp. 85–88, 2020.
@article{Reyes-Lecuona2020,
title = {Interacción 3D y Realidad Virtual en la Universidad de Málaga. Presentación del grupo 3DI-DIANA},
author = {Arcadio Reyes-Lecuona and Luis Molina-Tanco and María Cuevas-Rodríguez and Daniel González-Toledo},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Interaccion - Revista Digital de AIPO},
pages = {85–88},
abstract = {The 3DI-DIANA team is researching and developing technology in 3D interaction and user experience in Interactive Virtual Environments (IVE) since 2004. Their work has focused on 3D interaction techniques for Virtual Reality from a Human-Computer Interaction perspective. Their expertise and interests span binaural 3D audio spatialisation, 3D interaction with reduced degrees of freedom, and Virtual and Augmented Reality, including haptic Virtual Reality and Presence. The team have an important record in collaborative projects, both at national and European level. They are open to collaborations with other research teams, being able to contribute with their expertise in their described topics. More specifically, the 3DI-DIANA team can contribute in extending interactive virtual environments with 3D Audio and developing 3D interaction techniques which improve the user experience of handling and visualization of complex 3D objects.},
keywords = {},
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The 3DI-DIANA team is researching and developing technology in 3D interaction and user experience in Interactive Virtual Environments (IVE) since 2004. Their work has focused on 3D interaction techniques for Virtual Reality from a Human-Computer Interaction perspective. Their expertise and interests span binaural 3D audio spatialisation, 3D interaction with reduced degrees of freedom, and Virtual and Augmented Reality, including haptic Virtual Reality and Presence. The team have an important record in collaborative projects, both at national and European level. They are open to collaborations with other research teams, being able to contribute with their expertise in their described topics. More specifically, the 3DI-DIANA team can contribute in extending interactive virtual environments with 3D Audio and developing 3D interaction techniques which improve the user experience of handling and visualization of complex 3D objects.
2019
Casilari, Eduardo; García-Lagos, Francisco
A comprehensive study on the use of artificial neural networks in wearable fall detection systems Journal Article
In: Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 138, no. 112811, 2019, ISSN: 0957-4174.
@article{Aco/2019,
title = {A comprehensive study on the use of artificial neural networks in wearable fall detection systems},
author = {Eduardo Casilari and Francisco García-Lagos},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095741741930507X},
doi = {10.1016/j.eswa.2019.07.028},
issn = {0957-4174},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-01},
journal = {Expert Systems with Applications},
volume = {138},
number = {112811},
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Cuevas-Rodríguez, María; Picinali, Lorenzo; González-Toledo, Daniel; del Olmo, Carlos Garre; Rubia-Cuestas, Ernesto J.; Molina-Tanco, Luis; Reyes-Lecuona, Arcadio
3D Tune-In Toolkit: An open-source library for real-time binaural spatialisation Journal Article
In: PLOS ONE, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 1–37, 2019.
@article{10.1371/journal.pone.0211899,
title = {3D Tune-In Toolkit: An open-source library for real-time binaural spatialisation},
author = {María Cuevas-Rodríguez and Lorenzo Picinali and Daniel González-Toledo and Carlos Garre del Olmo and Ernesto J. Rubia-Cuestas and Luis Molina-Tanco and Arcadio Reyes-Lecuona},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211899},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0211899},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {PLOS ONE},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {1–37},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
abstract = {The 3D Tune-In Toolkit (3DTI Toolkit) is an open-source standard C++ library which includes a binaural spatialiser. This paper presents the technical details of this renderer, outlining its architecture and describing the processes implemented in each of its components. In order to put this description into context, the basic concepts behind binaural spatialisation are reviewed through a chronology of research milestones in the field in the last 40 years. The 3DTI Toolkit renders the anechoic signal path by convolving sound sources with Head Related Impulse Responses (HRIRs), obtained by interpolating those extracted from a set that can be loaded from any file in a standard audio format. Interaural time differences are managed separately, in order to be able to customise the rendering according the head size of the listener, and to reduce comb-filtering when interpolating between different HRIRs. In addition, geometrical and frequency-dependent corrections for simulating near-field sources are included. Reverberation is computed separately using a virtual loudspeakers Ambisonic approach and convolution with Binaural Room Impulse Responses (BRIRs). In all these processes, special care has been put in avoiding audible artefacts produced by changes in gains and audio filters due to the movements of sources and of the listener. The 3DTI Toolkit performance, as well as some other relevant metrics such as non-linear distortion, are assessed and presented, followed by a comparison between the features offered by the 3DTI Toolkit and those found in other currently available open- and closed-source binaural renderers.},
keywords = {},
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The 3D Tune-In Toolkit (3DTI Toolkit) is an open-source standard C++ library which includes a binaural spatialiser. This paper presents the technical details of this renderer, outlining its architecture and describing the processes implemented in each of its components. In order to put this description into context, the basic concepts behind binaural spatialisation are reviewed through a chronology of research milestones in the field in the last 40 years. The 3DTI Toolkit renders the anechoic signal path by convolving sound sources with Head Related Impulse Responses (HRIRs), obtained by interpolating those extracted from a set that can be loaded from any file in a standard audio format. Interaural time differences are managed separately, in order to be able to customise the rendering according the head size of the listener, and to reduce comb-filtering when interpolating between different HRIRs. In addition, geometrical and frequency-dependent corrections for simulating near-field sources are included. Reverberation is computed separately using a virtual loudspeakers Ambisonic approach and convolution with Binaural Room Impulse Responses (BRIRs). In all these processes, special care has been put in avoiding audible artefacts produced by changes in gains and audio filters due to the movements of sources and of the listener. The 3DTI Toolkit performance, as well as some other relevant metrics such as non-linear distortion, are assessed and presented, followed by a comparison between the features offered by the 3DTI Toolkit and those found in other currently available open- and closed-source binaural renderers.
González-Cañete, F. J.; López-Rodríguez, J. L.; Galdón, P. M.; Díaz-Estrella, A.
Improvements in the learnability of smartphone haptic interfaces for visually impaired users Journal Article
In: PLOS ONE, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 1-21, 2019.
@article{10.1371/journal.pone.0225053,
title = {Improvements in the learnability of smartphone haptic interfaces for visually impaired users},
author = {F. J. González-Cañete and J. L. López-Rodríguez and P. M. Galdón and A. Díaz-Estrella},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225053},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0225053},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {PLOS ONE},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {1-21},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
abstract = {We report the results of a study on the learnability of haptic icons used as alerts or notifications in smartphones. The aim was to explore the feasibility of using haptic icons to create assistive technologies for people with visual impairments. We compared the performance and satisfaction of users with different visual capacities (visually impaired vs. sighted) and using different learning processes (with or without a reinforcement learning stage). The reinforcement learning stage improves the recognition rate in both types of users, although the improvement obtained by the visually impaired users is even better as their recognition rates become very similar to those obtained by the sighted users. Finally, it was observed that the better recognized haptic icons are those assigned to the most employed applications by the user.},
keywords = {},
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tppubtype = {article}
}
We report the results of a study on the learnability of haptic icons used as alerts or notifications in smartphones. The aim was to explore the feasibility of using haptic icons to create assistive technologies for people with visual impairments. We compared the performance and satisfaction of users with different visual capacities (visually impaired vs. sighted) and using different learning processes (with or without a reinforcement learning stage). The reinforcement learning stage improves the recognition rate in both types of users, although the improvement obtained by the visually impaired users is even better as their recognition rates become very similar to those obtained by the sighted users. Finally, it was observed that the better recognized haptic icons are those assigned to the most employed applications by the user.
2018
Santoyo-Ramón, Jose-Antonio; Casilari, Eduardo; Cano-García, José Manuel
Analysis of a Smartphone-Based Architecture with Multiple Mobility Sensors for Fall Detection with Supervised Learning Journal Article
In: Sensors, vol. 18, no. 4, 2018, ISSN: 1424-8220.
@article{Jos/Ana/2018,
title = {Analysis of a Smartphone-Based Architecture with Multiple Mobility Sensors for Fall Detection with Supervised Learning},
author = {Jose-Antonio Santoyo-Ramón and Eduardo Casilari and José Manuel Cano-García},
url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1155},
doi = {10.3390/s18041155},
issn = {1424-8220},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-04-01},
journal = {Sensors},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rubia-Cuestas, Ernesto J.; Díaz-Estrella, Antonio; Reyes-Lecuona, Arcadio; Langley, Alyson; Brown, Michael; Sharples, Sarah
Natural locomotion based on a reduced set of inertial sensors: Decoupling body and head directions indoors Journal Article
In: PlosONE, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1–22, 2018.
@article{Ern/Nat/2018,
title = {Natural locomotion based on a reduced set of inertial sensors: Decoupling body and head directions indoors},
author = {Ernesto J. Rubia-Cuestas and Antonio Díaz-Estrella and Arcadio Reyes-Lecuona and Alyson Langley and Michael Brown and Sarah Sharples},
url = {http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0195191},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0195191},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-04-01},
journal = {PlosONE},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {1–22},
abstract = {Inertial sensors offer the potential for integration into wireless virtual reality systems that allow the users to walk freely through virtual environments. However, owing to drift errors, inertial sensors cannot accurately estimate head and body orientations in the long run, and when walking indoors, this error cannot be corrected by magnetometers, due to the magnetic field distortion created by ferromagnetic materials present in buildings. This paper proposes a technique, called EHBD (Equalization of Head and Body Directions), to address this problem using two head- and shoulder-located magnetometers. Due to their proximity, their distortions are assumed to be similar and the magnetometer measurements are used to detect when the user is looking straight forward. Then, the system corrects the discrepancies between the estimated directions of the head and the shoulder, which are provided by gyroscopes and consequently are affected by drift errors. An experiment is conducted to evaluate the performance of this technique in two tasks (navigation and navigation plus exploration) and using two different locomotion techniques: (1) gaze-directed mode (GD) in which the walking direction is forced to be the same as the head direction, and (2) decoupled direction mode (DD) in which the walking direction can be different from the viewing direction. The obtained results show that both locomotion modes show similar matching of the target path during the navigation task, while DDrqs path matches the target path more closely than GD in the navigation plus exploration task. These results validate the EHBD technique especially when allowing different walking and viewing directions in the navigation plus exploration tasks, as expected. While the proposed method does not reach the accuracy of optical tracking (ideal case), it is an acceptable and satisfactory solution for users and is much more compact, portable and economical.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Inertial sensors offer the potential for integration into wireless virtual reality systems that allow the users to walk freely through virtual environments. However, owing to drift errors, inertial sensors cannot accurately estimate head and body orientations in the long run, and when walking indoors, this error cannot be corrected by magnetometers, due to the magnetic field distortion created by ferromagnetic materials present in buildings. This paper proposes a technique, called EHBD (Equalization of Head and Body Directions), to address this problem using two head- and shoulder-located magnetometers. Due to their proximity, their distortions are assumed to be similar and the magnetometer measurements are used to detect when the user is looking straight forward. Then, the system corrects the discrepancies between the estimated directions of the head and the shoulder, which are provided by gyroscopes and consequently are affected by drift errors. An experiment is conducted to evaluate the performance of this technique in two tasks (navigation and navigation plus exploration) and using two different locomotion techniques: (1) gaze-directed mode (GD) in which the walking direction is forced to be the same as the head direction, and (2) decoupled direction mode (DD) in which the walking direction can be different from the viewing direction. The obtained results show that both locomotion modes show similar matching of the target path during the navigation task, while DDrqs path matches the target path more closely than GD in the navigation plus exploration task. These results validate the EHBD technique especially when allowing different walking and viewing directions in the navigation plus exploration tasks, as expected. While the proposed method does not reach the accuracy of optical tracking (ideal case), it is an acceptable and satisfactory solution for users and is much more compact, portable and economical.
González-Toledo, Daniel; Cuevas-Rodríguez, María; del Olmo, Carlos Garre; Molina-Tanco, Luis; Reyes-Lecuona, Arcadio
HOM3R: A 3D Viewer for Complex Hierarchical Product Models Journal Article
In: Journal of Virtual Reality and Broadcasting, vol. 14, no. 3, 2018, ISSN: 1860-2037.
@article{HOM/2018,
title = {HOM3R: A 3D Viewer for Complex Hierarchical Product Models},
author = {Daniel González-Toledo and María Cuevas-Rodríguez and Carlos Garre del Olmo and Luis Molina-Tanco and Arcadio Reyes-Lecuona},
url = {https://www.jvrb.org/past-issues/14.2017/4696},
doi = {10.20385/1860-2037/14.2017.3},
issn = {1860-2037},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Virtual Reality and Broadcasting},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
abstract = {We present HOM3R, a novel 3D viewer designed to manage complex industrial product models. The viewer includes a JavaScript API to interface with existing or new browser-based applications. We extend state-of-the art interaction techniques and introduce a novel navigation metaphor to navigate around complex products using constrained trajectories. To address the challenge of discovering and accessing the parts of the complex object, which are not visible, a set of occlusion management techniques have been implemented. The viewer presents other useful features such as hierarchical part selection and linking of information to 3D geometry. A user-centred evaluation of the tool has been carried out and is described in the paper},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We present HOM3R, a novel 3D viewer designed to manage complex industrial product models. The viewer includes a JavaScript API to interface with existing or new browser-based applications. We extend state-of-the art interaction techniques and introduce a novel navigation metaphor to navigate around complex products using constrained trajectories. To address the challenge of discovering and accessing the parts of the complex object, which are not visible, a set of occlusion management techniques have been implemented. The viewer presents other useful features such as hierarchical part selection and linking of information to 3D geometry. A user-centred evaluation of the tool has been carried out and is described in the paper
2017
Casilari, Eduardo; Santoyo-Ramón, José-Antonio; Cano-García, José Manuel
Analysis of public datasets for wearable fall detection systems Journal Article
In: Sensors, vol. 17, no. 7, 2017, ISSN: 1424-8220.
@article{Edu/Ana/2017,
title = {Analysis of public datasets for wearable fall detection systems},
author = {Eduardo Casilari and José-Antonio Santoyo-Ramón and José Manuel Cano-García},
url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1513/htm},
issn = {1424-8220},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Sensors},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2016
Casilari, Eduardo; Santoyo-Ramón, Jose-Antonio; cano,
Analysis of a smartphone-based architecture with multiple mobility sensors for fall detection Journal Article
In: PLoS one, vol. 12, no. 11, 2016.
@article{Ana/2016,
title = {Analysis of a smartphone-based architecture with multiple mobility sensors for fall detection},
author = {Eduardo Casilari and Jose-Antonio Santoyo-Ramón and cano},
url = {http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0168069},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-12-01},
journal = {PLoS one},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
crossref = {e0168069},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Martín, Juan Pedro Peña; González-Parada, Eva; García-Berdonés, Carmen; Rodríguez, Eduardo Javier Pérez
Mentoring program for students newly enrolled in an Engineering Degree Journal Article
In: Multidisciplinary Journal for Education, Social and Technological Sciences, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 30–48, 2016, ISSN: 2341-2593.
@article{Jua/Men/2016,
title = {Mentoring program for students newly enrolled in an Engineering Degree},
author = {Juan Pedro Peña Martín and Eva González-Parada and Carmen García-Berdonés and Eduardo Javier Pérez Rodríguez},
url = {http://www.polipapers.upv.es/index.php/MUSE/article/view/4609},
issn = {2341-2593},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-10-01},
journal = {Multidisciplinary Journal for Education, Social and Technological Sciences},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {30–48},
abstract = {This work presents a mentoring program for first year engineering students in the Telecommunications Engineering College (ETSIT) at the University of Malaga (UMA). Actors involved in the program are professors from staff, veterans mentoring students and, of course, freshmen. All of them has been organized trough the Moodle based Virtual Learning Environment Platform of the UMA. The program has gone through several phases over three years. This paper shows the main objectives of this mentoring program, the initial design to get them where professors played mentor role, and successive changes made to try to improve the results, including the assumption of the mentor role by senior students (peer mentoring). The tools used for program evaluation are shown too. Despite the low participation, it has been a framework for the development of various educational and socializing activities (for mentors and mentees) focused on developing generic competences. Furthermore, it has been a research tool to get a better understanding of problems affecting students newly enrolled.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
This work presents a mentoring program for first year engineering students in the Telecommunications Engineering College (ETSIT) at the University of Malaga (UMA). Actors involved in the program are professors from staff, veterans mentoring students and, of course, freshmen. All of them has been organized trough the Moodle based Virtual Learning Environment Platform of the UMA. The program has gone through several phases over three years. This paper shows the main objectives of this mentoring program, the initial design to get them where professors played mentor role, and successive changes made to try to improve the results, including the assumption of the mentor role by senior students (peer mentoring). The tools used for program evaluation are shown too. Despite the low participation, it has been a framework for the development of various educational and socializing activities (for mentors and mentees) focused on developing generic competences. Furthermore, it has been a research tool to get a better understanding of problems affecting students newly enrolled.
2015
Luque-Giráldez, J. Rafael; Morón-Fernández, María José; Casilari, Eduardo
A Characterization of the Performance of Bluetooth 2.x+EDR Technology in Noisy Environments Journal Article
In: Wireless Networks, vol. 21, no. 6, 2015, ISSN: 1022-0038.
@article{ACh/2015,
title = {A Characterization of the Performance of Bluetooth 2.x+EDR Technology in Noisy Environments},
author = {J. Rafael Luque-Giráldez and María José Morón-Fernández and Eduardo Casilari},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11276-015-0888-1},
doi = {10.1007/s11276-015-0888-1},
issn = {1022-0038},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-08-01},
journal = {Wireless Networks},
volume = {21},
number = {6},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Casilari, Eduardo; Luque-Giráldez, J. Rafael; Morón-Fernández, María José
Analysis of Android Device-based Solutions for Fall Detection Journal Article
In: Sensors, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 17827–17894, 2015, ISSN: 1424-8220.
@article{Ana,
title = {Analysis of Android Device-based Solutions for Fall Detection},
author = {Eduardo Casilari and J. Rafael Luque-Giráldez and María José Morón-Fernández},
url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/8/17827},
doi = {10.3390/s150817827},
issn = {1424-8220},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-07-01},
journal = {Sensors},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {17827–17894},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Borrero, José Luis Navas; Díaz, José Ramón Andrés; Larrubia, Juan Ramón Heredia
Herramienta para la evaluación de la luminancia en señales y anuncios luminosos. Journal Article
In: DYNA Bilbao, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 174–179, 2015, ISSN: 1989-1490.
@article{DYNAAU,
title = {Herramienta para la evaluación de la luminancia en señales y anuncios luminosos.},
author = {José Luis Navas Borrero and José Ramón Andrés Díaz and Juan Ramón Heredia Larrubia},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/7261},
doi = {10.6036/7261},
issn = {1989-1490},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-03-01},
journal = {DYNA Bilbao},
volume = {90},
number = {2},
pages = {174–179},
abstract = {El impacto sobre los costes de la energía eléctrica así como los efectos negativos que produce sobre entornos como la astronomía, la salud y el medio ambiente, han provocado que las administraciones públicas estén regulando las instalaciones de alumbrado considerando la contaminación lumínica como un objetivo relevante a contrarrestar.
La actual normativa que regula los aspectos relativos a la contaminación lumínica establece unos valores máximos de luminancia, en particular en lo referente a las señales y anuncios luminosos. La determinación de los puntos de la escena donde se producen estos valores máximos queda sujeta a la observación subjetiva del técnico que realiza la medida. La sensibilidad del ojo humano al brillo no es lineal y resulta engañosa en tanto que su objeto es la identificación de la escena y no la medida de valores e intensidades. Por otra parte, la utilización del luminancímetro convencional implica la medición punto a punto sobre la escena. Ello obliga a la toma de numerosas mediciones con objeto de barrer la totalidad de la escena y determinar los puntos donde se alcanzan los máximos. Esta acción no sólo resulta tediosa y sujeta a errores, sino que implica la toma de medidas en distintos instantes sucesivos lo que afecta a errores de repetitividad y de variación en el tiempo en escenarios no estables.
En este trabajo se propone la utilización de cámaras fotográficas digitales para la evaluación de la luminosidad, en particular para señales y anuncios luminosos. En este sentido, una fotografía digital dispone de información de color y brillo de todos los puntos que la componen. Originariamente la información suministrada por la fotografía está orientada a la reproducción de la imagen por lo que contemplan algunas correcciones y compensaciones para adaptarla a la visión humana.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
El impacto sobre los costes de la energía eléctrica así como los efectos negativos que produce sobre entornos como la astronomía, la salud y el medio ambiente, han provocado que las administraciones públicas estén regulando las instalaciones de alumbrado considerando la contaminación lumínica como un objetivo relevante a contrarrestar.
La actual normativa que regula los aspectos relativos a la contaminación lumínica establece unos valores máximos de luminancia, en particular en lo referente a las señales y anuncios luminosos. La determinación de los puntos de la escena donde se producen estos valores máximos queda sujeta a la observación subjetiva del técnico que realiza la medida. La sensibilidad del ojo humano al brillo no es lineal y resulta engañosa en tanto que su objeto es la identificación de la escena y no la medida de valores e intensidades. Por otra parte, la utilización del luminancímetro convencional implica la medición punto a punto sobre la escena. Ello obliga a la toma de numerosas mediciones con objeto de barrer la totalidad de la escena y determinar los puntos donde se alcanzan los máximos. Esta acción no sólo resulta tediosa y sujeta a errores, sino que implica la toma de medidas en distintos instantes sucesivos lo que afecta a errores de repetitividad y de variación en el tiempo en escenarios no estables.
En este trabajo se propone la utilización de cámaras fotográficas digitales para la evaluación de la luminosidad, en particular para señales y anuncios luminosos. En este sentido, una fotografía digital dispone de información de color y brillo de todos los puntos que la componen. Originariamente la información suministrada por la fotografía está orientada a la reproducción de la imagen por lo que contemplan algunas correcciones y compensaciones para adaptarla a la visión humana.
La actual normativa que regula los aspectos relativos a la contaminación lumínica establece unos valores máximos de luminancia, en particular en lo referente a las señales y anuncios luminosos. La determinación de los puntos de la escena donde se producen estos valores máximos queda sujeta a la observación subjetiva del técnico que realiza la medida. La sensibilidad del ojo humano al brillo no es lineal y resulta engañosa en tanto que su objeto es la identificación de la escena y no la medida de valores e intensidades. Por otra parte, la utilización del luminancímetro convencional implica la medición punto a punto sobre la escena. Ello obliga a la toma de numerosas mediciones con objeto de barrer la totalidad de la escena y determinar los puntos donde se alcanzan los máximos. Esta acción no sólo resulta tediosa y sujeta a errores, sino que implica la toma de medidas en distintos instantes sucesivos lo que afecta a errores de repetitividad y de variación en el tiempo en escenarios no estables.
En este trabajo se propone la utilización de cámaras fotográficas digitales para la evaluación de la luminosidad, en particular para señales y anuncios luminosos. En este sentido, una fotografía digital dispone de información de color y brillo de todos los puntos que la componen. Originariamente la información suministrada por la fotografía está orientada a la reproducción de la imagen por lo que contemplan algunas correcciones y compensaciones para adaptarla a la visión humana.